THE Department of Health (DOH) continues to monitor and act on Pertussis (Filipino: Ubong Dalahit, o Tusperina) in the country.
National data show 28 new cases recorded from March 10 to 16, bringing the total to 568 from January 1 to March 16, 2024. Forty Pertussis deaths have been reported. The total number of cases for the same time period in 2023 was only 26, making this year’s tally to date more than 20 times from that of last year.
Regions with the most number of local government units showing case increases thus far are: CALABARZON, Metro Manila, Western Visayas, MIMAROPA, and Central Visayas. Metro Manila accounted for 27% (58 cases) of the total confirmed cases among all regions.
Of the total Pertussis cases thus far recorded, at least six out of ten (356, 62.7%) were infants below 6 months of age. Three out of four (270, 75.8%) of these infants were either unvaccinated, or had an unknown vaccination history. Of the total number of cases regardless of age, close to seven out of ten (384, 67.6%) were either unvaccinated, or had an unknown vaccination history.
On a biweekly basis, the number of new Pertussis cases did rise from the weeks of February 4 and 11 (122 cases) to the weeks of February 18 and 25 (149 cases). This has gone down to only 73 new cases in the weeks of March 3 and 10. While this may show an improvement, the DOH is cautious in interpreting the trend as the number of cases may still change as there may be late consultations and reports.
Pertussis starts as a mild cough and cold that lasts about two weeks, followed by paroxysms or fits of coughing which lasts up to six weeks. There is a characteristic “whooping” or high pitched sound (“huni”) in between coughs, especially when inhaling. There can also be vomiting immediately after coughing, and low-grade fever. Infants may not present with cough; instead, they may turn cyanotic or bluish when coughing.
Compared to cough found in other diseases, the distinct “whoop” or high pitched sound of Pertussis is unique. Bronchial asthma may also have a similar sound, but only during asthma attacks and often without fever or the other symptoms.
Pertussis is caused by bacteria – either Bordetella pertussis, or Bordetella parapertussis. Antibiotics are available and effective against them. A doctor will prescribe a course of treatment that should start as early as possible. Depending on the antibiotic used and the age and condition of the patient, treatment may run from 4 to 14 days. It is important to consult a doctor and use antibiotics only as prescribed. Do not self-medicate, and always complete the number of days.
Pertussis is a respiratory disease. It is transmitted from person to person through coughing or sneezing. This transmission may be prevented by good respiratory hygiene: cover coughs and sneezing – do so into disposable tissues/wipes, or the elbow or upper arm (not hands). Wash hands often, or use alcohol if soap and water are not readily available.
Vaccination is safe and effective against Pertussis. As of March 25, there are 64,400 doses of “pentavalent” vaccines in the country. The DOH is expecting 3 million more pentavalent doses arriving at the soonest possible time.
Pentavalent vaccines include protection against “DPT” (Diphtheria, Pertussis, and Tetanus), in addition to Hepatitis B and Hemophilus influenza type B. Infants as young as 6 weeks may already be given this vaccine for free at government health centers. Children from 1-6 years of age may get a booster dose. Older children, as well as adults are advised to consult a doctor or health center for advice on the appropriate vaccine. Pregnant women may ask about the “Tdap” vaccine, which allows for protection of their soon to be born babies against Pertussis.
“The medical field has known Pertussis for a long time now. We have antibiotics that can treat it. Vaccines are safe and effective against whooping cough; DOH is redistributing on hand doses to where they are needed the most. In consultation with President Marcos, I have already ordered to fast-track the arrival of 3 million more doses. Please be assured while also being alert. We can fight this,” said Health Secretary Dr. Teodoro J. Herbosa.
